Advocaat & Partner
Advocaat & Partner
Advocaat
On 5 August 2026, the Provisions Judge of the District Court of The Hague (“Provisions Judge”) rendered his decision in the PI proceedings initiated by Novo Nordisk A/S (“Novo Nordisk”) against Ceban Ziekenhuisfarmacie B.V. (“Ceban”). Novo Nordisk was granted a preliminary injunction against Ceban for infringing its SPC 300936 (“SPC 936”) for semaglutide. Ceban had compounded and supplied a semaglutide-containing nasal spray under the name Semanova. According to the Provisions Judge, the pharmacy exemption under article 54c(e) of the Dutch Patent Act (ROW 1995) must be construed narrowly. It applies only where medical necessity for an individual patient is demonstrated. It does not cover structural or large-scale compounding of patented medicines.
Novo Nordisk is the holder of SPC 936 for the product semaglutide, based on EP 1 863 839 (“EP 839”). EP 839 covers the active ingredient semaglutide and expired on 20 March 2026. SPC 936 is valid until 19 March 2031. Novo Nordisk markets several products containing semaglutide in the Netherlands: Ozempic® for type 2 diabetes and Wegovy® for obesity, both as once-weekly subcutaneous injections, and Rybelsus® for type 2 diabetes in tablet form.
Ceban, a pharmacy, compounded a semaglutide-containing nasal spray under the name Semanova in 2025, without a marketing authorisation and without Novo Nordisk’s permission. Ceban supplied 44 nasal sprays, partly on prescription to its own patients and partly to other pharmacies. It also listed Semanova in the G-standaard, the Dutch pricelist. In total, Ceban imported 600 grams of semaglutide from a Chinese supplier, sufficient for 15,000 vials.
After Novo Nordisk’s cease-and-desist letter and the writ of summons, Ceban stopped supplying the nasal spray. Shortly thereafter, a Ceban employee gave a presentation at a pharmacists’ conference in Porto entitled “Semaglutide nasal spray: a Novel Compounded Formulation”, including a slide headed “Where did we get the idea from?”
Since the validity of EP 839 and SPC 936 was not contested, the key question was whether Ceban could rely on the pharmacy exemption under article 54c(e) of the Dutch Patent Act, which was introduced into the Dutch Patent Act in February 2019.
The Provisions Judge first clarified that the regulatory pharmacy exemption is not the same as the (patent-law) pharmacy exemption under article 54c(e) of the Dutch Patent Act. The regulatory exemption concerns an exception to the requirement of obtaining a marketing authorisation, which serves to protect public health and
the quality, safety and efficacy of medicines, in order to safeguard the availability of necessary medicines for individual patients. The pharmacy exemption based on article 54c(e) of the Dutch Patent Act, by contrast, concerns an exception to the exclusive rights of the patentee. Therefore, even if a pharmacy preparation were to fall within the regulatory pharmacy exemption, this does not automatically entail that the requirements of the pharmacy exemption based on patent law are met.
The Provisions Judge held that article 54c(e) of the Dutch Patent Act is an exception to the exclusive rights of the patentee, which must be construed narrowly. Its rationale lies in public health: it applies only where there is a medical necessity, e.g. where an individual patient requires a dosage or method of administration that is not available in the patentee’s authorised medicinal product. The exception does not allow a pharmacy to compound a patented medicine on a structural scale without the patentee’s consent.
The Provisions Judge considered that supplying the nasal sprays to other pharmacies, keeping them in stock for that purpose and listing Semanova in the G-standaard fell outside the scope of the pharmacy exemption. The listing in the G-standaard was specifically considered an act of offering, reserved to the patent holder.
As regards Ceban’s own patients, the Provisions Judge found that Ceban had not made sufficiently plausible that there was an unmet medical necessity. Ceban stated that the nasal spray had been developed for patients with a fear of needles, but did not explain why the individual patients concerned had such a fear or why off-label prescribing of Rybelsus®, Novo Nordisk’s semaglutide tablet, would not have been sufficient.
The Provisions Judge considered that Ceban’s conduct pointed towards structural and potentially large-scale use. In particular, the Court referred to Ceban’s presentation in Portugal, the import of 600 grams of semaglutide, sufficient for 15,000 vials, the listing in the G-standaard and the use of the brand name Semanova. These circumstances were difficult to reconcile with Ceban’s position that the nasal spray was prepared only for individual patients on the basis of medical necessity.
The Provisions Judge therefore held that Ceban could not rely on the pharmacy exemption and ordered Ceban to cease its infringement of SPC 936 in the Netherlands.
The decision confirms that the pharmacy exemption under article 54c(e) of the Dutch Patent Act is distinct from the regulatory pharmacy exemption. It also points out that the exemption based on the Dutch Patent Act is construed narrowly and does not cover structural or large-scale compounding without demonstrated medical necessity for individual patients.
Advocaat & Partner
Advocaat & Partner
Advocaat